Prevention / less packaging waste and excessive packaging
For whom: Member States, Manufacturers and other economic operators
When: goal achieved: 2030, harmonised standards: 2028
The PPWR requires Member States to reduce their weight of packaging waste per inhabitant. The weight must decrease by 5% in 2030, compared to the 2018 level. To achieve this, governments may take additional measures and impose obligations that go beyond the rules of the PPWR.
The following rules support this objective:
Manufacturers must design their packaging in such a way that both weight and volume are minimised (while maintaining functionality) by 2030. To achieve this, harmonised standards will be published in 2028. These standards are developed by the industry.
Packaging may have a maximum of 50% empty space. The methodology for calculating this will be announced soon.
Encouraging reuse as much as possible.
If it becomes apparent that the target may not be achieved, Member States can take additional measures.
Veelgestelde vragen
The Packaging and Packaging Waste Regulation (PPWR) is a new packaging regulation that the European Commission aims to introduce. The proposal for the PPWR was published in November 2022 and is still being negotiated by the EU Member States.
The PPWR will be the successor to the current European packaging directive, the Packaging and Packaging Waste Directive from 1994. Member States could transpose this directive into national legislation in their own way; the Netherlands did so in the Packaging Management Decree 2014.
If the PPWR is adopted, it will become European law and will apply in all EU countries (considering any lead time specified in the regulation – currently 12 months). This means a level playing field for all Member States. National laws need to be adapted accordingly.
According to the European Commission, the current European Packaging Directive has failed to address the negative environmental impacts of packaging. According to the EC, too much packaging is produced, there is too much empty space in packaging, packaging is not sufficiently recyclable, too little packaging is reused and too little recyclate is used in new packaging. There are also too many differences in the way the Packaging Directive has been implemented by the different Member States, which has led to an uneven playing field.
Although recycling rates in the European Union have increased, the amount of waste generated is growing faster than actual recycling, according to the European Commission. The amount of waste – mainly from single-use packaging – has increased by more than 20% in the past ten years. In line with the European Green Deal, Europe wants to tackle packaging and waste management to achieve a clean, sustainable and circular economy.
The European legislation entered into force on 12 February 2025. The obligations stipulated by the PPWR will come into effect on 12 August 2026 at the earliest. The new rules are not yet 100% fixed. At least thirty additional documents containing further detailed legal requirements will be produced by 2029, in the form of implementing or delegated acts.
The objective of the PPWR is two-fold:
- Firstly, the European Commission wants to reduce the environmental impact from packaging by reducing the amount of packaging put on the market, preventing packaging waste, focusing more on reuse and refilling of packaging, high-quality recycling, increased use of recycled plastics, more recyclable packaging and detailed packaging administration.
- Secondly, the European Commission wants to ensure the efficient functioning of the internal market (EU) by harmonising legislation and thus creating a level playing field.
The PPWR is a regulation that has yet to come into force. The SUP Directive is a guideline that came into effect in 2021. SUP measures have since been gradually implemented by the Member States. Ultimately, both pieces of legislation exist side by side and producers and importers of packaged products must comply with both.
The PPWR applies to all packaging, the SUP Directive only applies to disposable plastic packaging. The approach of the PPWR and SUP Directive is quite similar: the goal is to prevent as much packaging waste as possible and to reuse or recycle where it is generated. However, the SUP focuses on a limited number of packaging types and requires companies to report on this very specifically. That is why certain producers and importers are required to provide a high level of detail in their declarations.
Met de PPWR stelt de Europese Commissie duurzaamheidseisen aan verpakkingen. Dit worden de nieuwe Essentiële Eisen. Alle verpakkingen die op de markt worden gebracht, moeten aan deze eisen voldoen. Het gaat in het PPWR-voorstel om de volgende zaken (op hoofdlijnen):
- Schadelijke en gevaarlijke stoffen in verpakkingen. De som van de concentraties lood, cadmium, kwik en zeswaardig chroom in de verpakking of verpakkingscomponenten mag niet meer bedragen dan 100 mg/kg;
- Recyclebare verpakkingen. Alle verpakkingen moeten in 2030 goed recyclebaar zijn. Hoe dit wordt gemeten, wordt nog door de Europese Commissie bepaald.
- Gerecycled content. De toepassing van recyclaat in nieuwe producten en verpakkingen moet omhoog. Het minimale gehalte gerecycled content in kunststof verpakkingen gaat de komende jaren stap voor stap omhoog.
- Composteerbare verpakkingen. Twee jaar na invoering van de PPWR moeten – volgens het voorstel van de Europese Commissie – theezakjes, koffiepads en koffiecupjes, etiketten op groenten en fruit en zeer lichte plastic draagtassen composteerbaar zijn.
- Minimalisering van de verpakking. De verpakking moet zo licht mogelijk zijn en mag geen onnodige ruimte/lucht bevatten.
- Herbruikbare of hervulbare verpakkingen. In bepaalde productgroepen moeten meer herbruikbare en hervulbare verpakkingen worden ingezet. Denk aan: grote huishoudelijke apparaten, transport, e-commerce, warme en koude dranken (take-away), bier en wijn.
- Verboden. In sommige omgevingen (horeca, hotels en retail) wordt het gebruik van bepaalde verpakkingen verboden (zie ook de volgende vraag).
- Conformiteitsverklaring. Voor alle verpakkingen dient een conformiteitsverklaring te worden opgesteld door bedrijven die de verpakking op de markt brengen, waarmee wordt aangetoond dat de verpakking voldoet aan bovenstaande eisen. De conformiteitsverklaring dient tien jaar te worden bewaard.
As from 2030, several packaging types will be banned for certain purposes:
- Disposable plastic wrappers to group individual sales units.
- Single-use plastic packaging for unprocessed fruit or vegetables under 1.5 kg, unless it can be demonstrated that, for example, product loss occurs without.
- Single-use plastic packaging for drinks and food in so-called eat-in establishments (catering industry).
- Single-use packaging for flavourings, preserves, sauces, coffee creamer, sugar and spices (catering industry).
- Certain single-use packaging in hotels, such as hygiene and toiletries and cosmetics.
- Very lightweight plastic bags (< 15 micron), unless used for hygiene reasons or as primary packaging for loose food items when this helps to reduce food waste.
The standardised logos must be available within eighteen months of the introduction of the PPWR (mid-2026). Use thereof will then become mandatory 42 months after publication (expected mid-2028).
As a company, you are expected to document in increasingly more detail and in a demonstrable manner why you have designed packaging as you have. You must also record which materials and components this packaging contains. Attention is paid to optimising the reusability of the packaging (refilling by the producer/importer), recyclability and the use of recycled materials.
With the introduction of the PPWR, the number of packaging categories you must report on will most likely be significantly expanded. Distinguishing based on the main material (glass, paper and cardboard, plastic, etc.) often no longer suffices; increasingly, distinctions must be made based on material type (PET, PP, PE) or colour (transparent, colourless).
Although the regulations for packaging administration won't be implemented immediately, it's a good idea to start recording the properties of your packaging in more detail. Important matters include which (sub)materials the various parts of the packaging are made of and whether and how much recycled (note: post-consumer) material you currently use (for plastic packaging).
This could include a 'packaging passport' for setting up packaging administration. Data that can be incorporated therein include the main material (glass, plastic, paper and cardboard, etc.), material type (PET, PP, PE), packaging category (bottle, flask, tray, etc.) and the use of (post-consumer) recyclate.
Post-consumer recyclate means that the waste does not originate from a production environment but has already been put on the market previously and subsequently collected as waste.
In addition, it is wise to check to what extent all packaging is recyclable. Although the Recycle Checks are not an absolute guarantee, they do provide a good indication. As soon as the specific rules for determining the recyclability of packaging are known, the KIDV will include these in its toolkit.
The PPWR will soon publish a set of disposal logos. The implementing act for this is currently in preparation.